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Leucopholiota decorosa
''Leucopholiota decorosa'' is a species of fungus in the Tricholomataceae family of mushrooms. Commonly known as the decorated Pholiota, it is distinguished by its fruit body which is covered with pointed brown, curved scales on the cap and stem, and by its white gills. Found in the eastern United States, France, and Pakistan, it is saprobic, growing on the decaying wood of hardwood trees. ''L. decorosa'' was first described by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck as ''Agaricus decorosus'' in 1873, and the species has been transferred to several genera in its history, including ''Tricholoma'', ''Tricholomopsis'', ''Armillaria'', and ''Floccularia''. Three American mycologists considered the species unique enough to warrant its own genus, and transferred it into the new genus ''Leucopholiota'' in a 1996 publication. Lookalike species with similar colors and scaly fruit bodies include ''Pholiota squarrosoides'', ''Phaeomarasmius erinaceellus'', and ''Leucopholiota lignicola''. ''L. decorosa'' is considered an edible mushroom.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The species now known as ''Leucopholiota decorosa'' was first described by Charles Peck in 1873, based on a specimen he found in New York State; he placed it in ''Tricholoma'', then considered a subgenus of ''Agaricus''.〔 In 1947, Alexander Smith and Walters transferred the species into the genus ''Armillaria'', based on its apparent close relationship to ''Armillaria luteovirens''; the presence of clamp connections in the hyphae, the amyloid spores, and the structure of the veil and its remnants.〔 The genus ''Armillaria'', as it was understood at the time, would later be referred to as a "taxonomic refugium for about 270 white-spored species with attached gills and an annulus."〔 Smith later transferred the species to the genus ''Tricholomopsis'';〔 however, he neglected the amyloid spores, the recurved scales of the cap cuticle, and the lack of cells known as pleurocystidia, features which should have ruled out a taxonomic transfer into the genus.〔 In 1987, the species was transferred yet again, this time to the genus ''Floccularia''.〔
The appearance of a specimen at a 1994 mushroom foray in North Carolina resulted in a collaboration between mycologists Tom Volk, Orson K. Miller, Jr. and Alan Bessette, who renamed the species ''Leucopholiota decorosa'' in a 1996 ''Mycologia'' publication.〔 ''Leucopholiota'' was originally a subgenus of ''Armillaria'', but the authors raised it to generic level to accommodate ''L. decorosa'', which would become the type species.〔 In 2008, Henning Knudsen considered ''L. decorosa'' to be the same species as what was then known as ''Amylolepiota lignicola'', and considered the two names to be synonymous.〔 However, Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja rejected this interpretation. Originally, Harmaja believed ''Lepiota lignicola'' sufficiently distinct from other similar taxa to deserve its own genus ''Amylolepiota'', which he described in a 2002 publication.〔 He changed his mind in 2010, writing "the differences between the type species of both genera are small and are thus best considered as differences at the species level"; with this he transferred the taxon to ''Leucopholiota'', and it is now known as ''Leucopholiota lignicola'', the second species in genus ''Leucopholiota''.〔
The genus name ''Leucopholiota'' means "white Pholiota" (from λευκός, ''leukós''), referring to the gills and the spores; it was proposed in 1980 by Henri Romagnesi who originally described it as a subgenus of ''Armillaria''.〔 The specific epithet ''decorosa'', though intended for "elegant" or "handsome", actually means "decent", "respectable", "modest", or "decorous". ''L. decorosa'' is commonly known as the "decorated Pholiota".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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